Histopathology of Chemically Induced Tumors

Chapter 1: Muscloskeletal system & soft tissue

Bone

1) Brunschwig, A. : Production of primary bone tumors by intramedullary injection of 20-methylcholanthrene. Am. J. Pathol., 34 : 540-542 (1938)

2) Gardner, L. U. and Heslington, H. F. : Osteosarcoma from intravenous beryllium compounds in rabbits. Fed. Proc., 5 : 221 (1946)

3) Higashi, N. et al. : Development of experimental bone tumors by chemical (4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide). J. Jpn. Orthop. Ass., 38: 717-719 (1964) (in Japanese) (by a translator)

4) Litvinov, N. N. and Soloviev, Ju. N. : Tumours of the bone. in "Pathology of tumours in laboratory animals. Vol. 1, Part 1" ed. V. S. Turusov, et al., pp. 169-184, International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1973)

5) Pelfrene, A., Mirrish, S. S. and Gold, B. : Induction of malignant bone tumours by 1-(2-hydroxyethy1) Ð1-nitrosourea. JNCI, 56 : 445-446 (1976)

Muscle

1) Carter, R. L. : Tumors of the soft tissues. in "Pathology of tumors in laboratory animals. Vol. 1, Part 1" ed. V. S. Turusov, pp. 151-168, International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1973)

2) Hayashi Y. : Skin and Muscloskeletal system. in "Chemical compounds and cancer's development" ed. S. Odashima and Y. Hashimoto, pp.383-397, Gakkai-Syuppan Center/ Tokyo (1978) (in Japanese) (by a tanslator)

3) Shibata, K., Enomoto, M. : Development of myogenic sarcomas in mice at the site of injection of 4-HAQO-A study on the morphogenesis of tumor. Acta Path, Jpn., 27 : 197-212 (1977)

Soft tissue

1) Izumi, K., Otsuka, H., Furuya, K. and Akagi, A. : Carcinogenicity of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochlor-ide in BALB/c mice. Virchows Arch. A Path. Anat. and Histol., 384 : 263-267 (1979)

2) Konishi, Y., Mii, Y., Maruyama, H., and Masuhara, K. : Animal model of human disease. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Am. J. Pathol., 115 : 469-472 (1984)

3) Maruyama, H., Mii, Y., Emi, Y., Masuda, S., Miyauchi, Y., Maruhara, K., and Konishi, Y. : Experimental studies on malignant fibrous histiocytomas. 2. Ultrastructure of malignant fibrous histiocytomas induced by 4-(hydroxyamino)-quinoline 1-oxide in rats. Laboratory Invest., 48 : 187-198 (1983)

4) Otsuka, H. and Kuwahara, A. : Hemangiomatous lesions of mice treated with niteosodimethylamine. Gann, 62 : 147-156 (1971)

5) Sakamoto, K. : Malignant fibrous histiocytoma induced by intra-articular injection of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene in the rat. Pathological and enzyme histochemical studies. Cancer, 57 : 2313-2322 (1986)

Chapter 2: Cardiovascular, hematopoietic & lymphoid

SystemHeart (Cardiovascular system)

1) Ito, N., Ogiso, T., Fukushima, M., Hagiwara, A. : Carcinogenicity of captafol in B6C3F₁ mice. Gann, 75 : 853-865 (1984)

2) Maekawa, A., Matsuoka, C., Onodera, H., Tanigawa, H., Furuta, K., Ogiu, T., Mitsumori, K and Hayashi, Y. : Organ-specific carciongenicity of N-methyl-N-nitrosoirea in F344 and ACI/N rats. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 109 : 178-182 (1985)

3) Sher, S. P. : Review article. Tumors in control mice : literature tabulation. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 16 : 24-34 (1970)

4) Squire, R. A., Goodman, D. G., Dawe, C. J., Levitt, M, H., Longeman, C. H., Strandberg, J. D. and Valeri, M. G. : Tumors. in "Pathology of laboratory animals" ed. K. Bernirschke, F. M. Garner, T. C. Jones and C. Kozma, pp. 1052-1283, Springer-Verlag/Berlin and New York (1978)

5) Strandberg, j. D. and Goodman , D. G. : Neoplasms of the cardiovascular system. in "The mouse in biomedical research, Vol. 4" ed. H. L. Foster, J. D. Small and J. G. Fox, pp. 539-545, Academic Press/New York and London (1982)

6) Szepsenwol, J. and Boschetti, N. V. : Primary and secondary heart tumors in mice maintained on various diets. Oncology, 32 : 58-72 (1975)

Lymph Nodes

1) Greaves, P. and Faccini, J. M. : Haemopoietic and lymphatic systems. in "Rat histopathology. A Glossary for Use in Toxicity and Studies", pp. 35-56, Elsexier/Amsterdam (1984)

2) Della Porta. G., Chieco-Bianchi, L., and Pennelli, N. : Tumours of the haematopoietic system. in "Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals, Vol._, Tumours of the Mouse", ed. V. S. Turusov, pp.527-576. International Agency for Research on Cnacer/Lyon (1979)

3) Shisa, H., Nishizuka, Y., Hiai, H., and Matsudaira, Y. : Histopatholigy and cellular origin of leukemias induced by chemical carcinogens in the mouse. in "Recent Topics in Chemical Carcinogenesis, Gann Monograph on Cancer Research, No. 17", pp.425-438. University of Tokyo Press/Tolyo (1975)

4) Swaen , G. J. V. and Van Heerde, P. : Tumours of the haematopoietic system. in "Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals, Vol._, Tumours of the Rat, Part 1", ed. V. S. Turusov, pp. 185-214. International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1973)

Spleen

1) Howell, J. S. : The experimental production of vascular tumours in the rat. Brit. J. Cancer, 17 : 663-671 (1963)

2) Otuka, H., Kuwahara, A. : Hemangionatous lesions of mice treated with nitrosodimethylamine. Gann, 62 : 147-156 (1971)

3) Takahashi, M., Furukawa, F., Kurata, Y., Nagano, K., Kokubo, T., Hayashi, Y., Nakadate, M. : Vascular tumors of the spleen and other neoplasms in Syrian golden hamsters by 1-propyl-1-nitrosourea. Gann, 73 : 695-703 (1982)

Thymus

1) Della Porta, G., Chieco-Bianchi, L., and Pennelli, N. : Tumours of the haematopoietic system. in "Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals, Vol._, Tumors of the Mouse", ed. V. S. Turusov, pp. 527-576. International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1979)

2) Greaves, P.and Faccini, J. M. : Haemopoietic and lvmphatic systems. in "Rat Histopathology. A Glossary for Use in Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Studies", pp. 35-56. Elsevier/Amsterdam (1984)

3) Suzuki, Y., Matsuyama, M., and Ogiu, T. : Morphologic characteristics of thymic lymphomas induced by N-nitroso- N-propylurea in F344 rats. JNCI, 72 : 367-373 (1984)

5) Yamakawa M. : Experimental production of epithelial tumor in thymus of ddo male mouse. (author's transl.) Osaka Daigaku Igakuzassi (Medical J. Osaka Unv. Jpn edition), 17: 501-516 (1965) (in Japanese)

Bone Marrow

1) Della Porta, G., Chieco-Bianchi, L., and Pennelli, N. : in "Pathology of tumours in laboratory animals.Vol._" ed. V. S. Turusov, pp. 527-575. International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1979)

2) Ogiu, T. and Odashima, S. : Hematopoietic system (1) Myeloid leukemia and erythroblastic leukemia. in "Chemical compounds and cancer's development" ed. S. Odashima and Y. Hashimoto, pp.333-347, Gakkai-Syuppan Center/ Tokyo (1978) (In Japanese) (by a tanslator)

3) Ogiu, T. and Odashima, S. : Induction of rat leukemias and thymic lymphoma by N-nitrosoureas. Acta Pathol. Jpn., 32 (Suppl. 1), 223-235 (1982)

4) Seki, M. : Hematopoietic neoplasms. in "Hematology of experimental animals" ed. M. Seki, K. Hirashima, K. Kobayashi, pp.121-147, Soft Science Inc./ Tokyo (1981) (In Japanese) (by a tanslator)

5) Swaen , G. J. V. and Van Heerde, P. : Tumours of the haematopoietic system. in "Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals, Vol._, Part 1" ed. V. S. Turusov, pp. 185-204. International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1973)

6) Yokoro, K., Imamura, N., Nagao, K.: Leukemia and lymphoma. C, Animals in "Sciences of Cancer, vol. 4, Human cancers and animal models" ed. K. Oota, T. Sugimura, H. Sugano, pp.438-481, Nankou-do/Tokyo (1079) (in Japanese) (by a translator)

Chapter 3: Digestive system

Tooth

1) Berman, J. J. and Rice, J. M. : Odontogenic tumors produced in Fischer rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of methylnitrosourea. Arch. Oral Biol., 25 : 213-220 (1980)

2) Edwards, M. B. and Germain, J. P. : Oral carciongenesis by intraperitoneal N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the Syrian hamster. Arch. Oral Biol., 25 : 631-633(1980)

3) Smulow, J. B., Konstantinidis, A. and Sonnenschein, C. : Age-dependent odontogenic lesions in rats after a single i.p. injection of N-nitroso-N-methylurea. Carcinogenesis, 4 : 1085-1088 (1983)

4) Wang, H. ÐH., Terashi, S. and Fukunishi, R. : Ameloblastic odontoma in rats induced by N-butylnitroso-urea. Gann, 66 : 319-321 (1975)

Tongue

1) Hirose, M., Maekawa, A., Kamiya, S. and Odashima, S. : Carcinogenic effect of N-ethyl-and N-amyl-N-nitrosourethanes on female Donryu rats. Gann, 70 : 653-662 (1979)

2) Maekawa, A. and Odashima, S. : Upper alimentary tract neoplasms. in "Chemical compounds and cancer's development" ed. S. Odashima and Y. Hashimoto, pp.165-177, Gakkai-Syuppan Center/ Tokyo (1978) (in Japanese) (by a tanslator)

3) Tsuda, H., Sakata, T., Shirai, T., Kurata, Y., Tamano, S. and Ito, N. : Modification of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea initiated carcinogenesis in the rat by subsequent treatment with antioxidants, phenobital and ethinyl estradiol. Cancer Lett., 24 : 19-27 (1984)

Esophagus

1) Castonguay, A., Rivenson, A., Trushin, N., Reinhardt, J., Spathopoulos, S., Weiss, C. J., Reiss, B. and Hecht, S. S. : Effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the metabolism and carcinogenicity of N_-nitrosonor-nicotine in F344 rats. Cancer Res., 44 : 2285-2290 (1984)

2) Iizuka, T., Ichimura, S. and Kawachi, T. : Esophageal carcinoma in rats induced by N-amyl-N-methyl-nitrosamine. Gann, 71 : 94-99 (1980)

3) Ito, N., Kamamoto, Y., Hiasa, Y., Makiura, S., Marugami, M., Yokota, M., Sugihara, S. and Hirao, K. : Histopathological and ultrastructural studies on esophageal tumors in rats treated with N-nitrosopiper-idine. Gann, 62 : 445-451 (1971)

4) Konishi, N., Kitahori , Y., Shimoyama, T., Takahashi, M. and Hiasa, Y.: Effects of sodium chloride and alcohol on experimental esophageal carcinogenesis induced by N-nitrosopiperidine in rats. Jpn. J. Cancer Res., (Gann) 77 : 446-451 (1986)

5) Pozharisski, K. M. : Tumours of the oesophagus. in "Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals. Vol._". ed. V. S. Turusov, pp. 87-100, International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1973)

Forestomach

1) Ito, N., Fukushima, S., Hagiwara ,A., Shibata, M. Ogiso, T. : Carcinogenicity of butylated hydroxyanisole in F344 rats. JNCI, 70 : 343-352 (1983) 2) Nagayo, T. : Tumours of the stomach. in "Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals. Vol._, Part 1"ed. V. S. Turusov. pp. 101-118, International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1973)

3) Shirai, T., Fkushima, S., Ohshima, T., Masuda, A. and Ito, N. : Effects of butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, and NaCl on gastric carcinogenesis initiated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in F344 rats. JNCI, 72 : 1189-1198 (1984)

4) Tatem atsu, M., Takahashi, M., Fukushima, S., Hananouchi, M., and Shirai, T. : Effects in rats of sodium chloride on experimental gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N,-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. JNCI, 55 : 101-106 (1975)

Glandular Stomach

1) Nagayo T., : Tumours of the stomach. in "Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals. Vol._, Part 1" ed. V. S. Turusov. pp. 101-118, International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1973)

2) Sugimura, T, and Fujimura, S.: Tumour production in glandular stomach of rat by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Nature, 216: 943-944 (1967)

3) Sugimura, T. and Kawachi, T. : Experimental stomach carcinogenesis. in "Gastrointestinal tract cancer" ed. M. Lipkin and R. A. Good, pp. 372-341. Plenum/New York (1978)

4) Takahashi, M., Fukushima, S. and Sato, H.: Carcinogenic effect of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine with various kinds of surfactant in the glandular stomach of rats. Gann, 64: 211-218 (1973)

5) Tatematsu, M., Furihata, C., Katsuyama, T., Hasegawa, R., Nakanowatari, J., Saito, D., Takahashi, M., Matsushima, T.,and Ito N.: Independent induction of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer in rats treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Cancer Res., 43:1335-1341 (1983)

Small Intestine

1) Hirono,I.,Shibuya, C., and Fushimi, K.: Experimentai studeis on sites of tumor development in the intestine by chemical carcinogens. in "Pathophysiology of carcinogenesis in digestive organs", ed. E. Farber et al., pp. 285-295, Univ. of Tokyo Press, Tokyo/Univ. Park Press, Baltimore (1977)

2) Ito, N., Ogiso, T., Fukushima, S., Shibata, T., Hagiwara, A.: Carcinogenicity of captafol in B6C3F1 mice. Gann, 75 : 853-865 (1984)

3) Pozharisski, K. M. : Morphology and morphogenesis of experimental epithelial tumors of the intestine. JNCI, 54 : 1115-1135 (1975)

4) Shirai, T., Imaida, K., Fukushima, S. Hasegawa, R., Tatematsu, M. and Ito, N. : Effects of NaCl, Tween 60 and a low dose of N-ethyl-NÕ-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on gasric carcinogene of rat given a single dose of N Ðmenthl-NÕ-nitro-N-nitorosoguanidine. Carcinogenesis, 3 : 1419-1422 (1982)

5) Shirai, T., Ikawa, E., Hirose, M., Thamavit, W., and Ito, N. ; Modification by five antioxidants of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-initiated colon carcinogenesis, Carcinogenesis, 6 : 637-639 (1985)

6) Tsuda, H., Sakata, T., Shirai, T., Kurata, Y., Tamano, S. and Ito, N. : Modification of N-methyl- N-nitrosourea initiated carcinogenesis in the rat by subsequent treatment with antioxidants, phenobarbital and ethinyl estradiol, Cancer Lett., 24 : 19-27 (1984)

7) Ward, J. W. : Morphogenesis of chemically induced neoplasms of the colon and small intestine in rats. Lab. Invest., 30 : 505-513 (1974)

Large Intestine

1) Narisawa, T., Sato, T., Hayakawa, M., Sakuma, A., and Nakano, G. : Carcinoma of the colon and rectum of rats by rectal infusion of N-methyl-NÕ-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, Gann, 62 : 231-234 (1971)

2) Narisawa, T., Sato, M., Sano, M.,and Takahashi, T. : Inhibition of development of methylnitrosourea-induced colonic tumors bu peroral administration of indomethacin. Gann, 73 : 377-381 (1982) 3) Shirai, T., Nakanowatari, J., Kurata, Y.,Fukushima, S., and Ito, N. : Different dose-respnse relalationships in the induction of different types of colonic tumors in Wistar rats by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Gann,74 : 21-27 (1983)

4) Shirai, T., Sakata, T., Fukushima, S., Ikawa, E. and Ito, N. : Rat prostate as one of the target organs for 3,2Õ-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl-induced carcinogenesis : Effects of dietary ethinyl estradiol and meth-3,2Õ-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl-induced carcinogenesis : Effects of dietary ethinyl estradiol and meth-yltestosterone. Jpn. J. Cancer Res., (Gann). 76 : 803 (1985)

5) Spjut, G. J., and Noall, M. W. : Experimental induction of tumors of the large bowel of rats. A review of the experience with 3,2Õ-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. Cancer, 28 : 29-37 (1971) 1) Ward, J. W. : Morphogenesis of chemically induced neoplasms of the colon and small intestine in rats. Lab. Invest., 30 : 505-513 (1974)

Liver

1) Frith, C. H. and Ward, J. M. : A mmorphologic classification of proliferative and neoplastic hepatic lesions in mice. J.Environ, Pathol. Toxicol., 3 : 329-351 (1980)

2) Kitagawa, T. : Histochemical analysis of hyperplastic lesions and hepatomas of the liver of rats fed N-2-fluorenylacetamide. Gann, 62 ; 207-216 (1971)

3) Schauer, A. and Kunze, E. : Tumours of the liver. in "Pathology of tumours in laboratory animals. Vol. I. Part 2" ed. V. S. Turusov et al., pp. 41-72, International Agency for Research on Cancer / Lyon (1976)

4) Stenback, F., Mori, H., Furuya. K. and Williams, G. M. : Pathogenesis of dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatpcellular cancer in hamster liver and lack of enhancement by phenobarbital. JNCI, 76 : 327-333 (1986)

5) Stewart, H. L., Williams, G. M., Keysser, C, H,. Lombard, L. S. and Montali, R. : Histologoc typing of liver tumours of the rat, JNCI, 64 : 176-206 (1980)

Liver (Angiosarcoma)

1) Izumi, K., Otsuka, H., Furuya, K., and Akagi, A. : Carcunogenicity of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride in BALB / c mice. Virchows Arch. A. Path. Anat. and Histol., 384 : 263-267 (1979)

2) Kuwahara, A., Otsuka, H., Nagamatsu, A. : Induction of hemangiomatous lesions with dimethyl-nitrosoamine: Influence of route of administration and strain of mice. Gann. 63 499-502 (1972)

3) Otsuka, H., and Kuwahara, A. : Hemangiomatous lesions of mice treated with nitrosodimethylamine. Gann. 62: 147-156 (1972)

4) Toth, B. : 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (unsymmetrical) carcinogenesis in mine. JNCI, 50 : 181-194 (1973)

5) Toth, B. and Wilson, R.B. : Blood vessel tumorigenesis by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (symmetrical). Am. J. Pathol., 64 : 585-600 (1971)

Gall bladder

1) Bain, G. O., Allen, P. B. R., Silbermann, O. and Kowalewski, K. : Induction in hamsters of biliary carcinoma by intracholecystic methylcholanthrene pellets. Cancer Res., 19 : 93-96 (1959) 1) Fortner, J. G. : Carcinoma of the gallbladder the experimental induction primary. Cancer, 8 : 689-700 (1955)

2) Makina, T., Konishi, Y. : Hyperplasia, Adenoma, Gallbladder, Hamster. in ""Monographs on Pathology of Laboratory Animals. Digestive System. " ed. T. C. Jones, U. Mohr and R. D. Hunt, pp. 79-82, Springer-Verlag/Berlin (1985)

3) Makino, T., Obara, T., Ura. H., Kinugasa, T., Kobayashi, H., Takahashi, S. and Konishi, Y. : Effects of phenobarbital and secondary bile acids on liver, gallbladder, and pancreas carcinogenesis initiated by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl) amine in hamsters. JNCI, 76 : 967-975 (1986)

4) Suzuki, A., Takahashi, T. Histogenesis of the gallbladder carcinoma induced by methylcholanthrene beeswax pellets in hamsters, Jpn. J. Surg., 13 : 55-59 (1983)

Pancreas

1) Hayashi, Y., Hasegawa, T. : Experimental pancreatic tumor in rats after intravenous injection of 4-hydroxyaminoqunoline 1-oxide. Gann, 67 : 329-330 (1971)

2) Longnecker D. S., Curphey, T. J. : Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in azaserine-treated rats. Cancer Res., 35 : 2249-2258 (1975)

3) Obara, T. Makino, T., Ura, H., Yokose, Y., Kinugasa, T., Moore, M. A., Sato, K. and Konishi, Y., Comparative histochemical investigation of the glutathione S-transferase placental form and _-glutamyl -transpeptidase during N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl) amine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis in ham-sters. Carcinogenesis, 7 : 801-805 (1986)

4) Pour. P., Kruger, F. W., Althoff, J., Cardesa, A., Mohr, U : A new approach for induction of pancreatic neoplasms. Cancer Res., 35 : 2259-2268 (1975)

5) Scarpelli, D. G., Rao, M. S. and Reddy, J. K. : Experimental carcinogenesis of exocrine pancreas : Animal models, neoplasms and current understanding of pathogenesis. in "Monographs on pathology of laboratory animals. Digestive System. " ed. T. C. Jones, U. Mohr and R. D. Hunt, pp. 224-245, Springer-Verlag/Berlin (1985)

6) Takahashi, M., Pour, P., Althoff, J., Donnelly, T. : Sequential alteration of the pancreas during car-cinogenesis in Syrian golden hamsters by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine. Cancer Res., 37 : 937-948 (1976)

Peritoneum

l) Berman, J. J. and Rice, J. M. : Mesotheliomas and proliferative lesions of the testicular mesothelium produced in Fischer, Sprague-Dawley and Buffalo rats by methyl (acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine (DMN-OAc) . Vet. Pathol., 16 : 574-582 (1979)

2) Cabral, J. R. P. and Neal, G. E. : Testicular mesotheliomas in rats exposed to N-2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA) . Tumori, 69 : 195-199 (1983)

3) Gould, D. H. : Mesotheliomas of the tunica vaginalis propuria and peritoneum in Fischer rats. Vet. Pathol., 14 : 372-379 (1977) 4) Tanigawa, H., Onodera, H., and Maekawa, A. : Spontaneous mesotheliomas in F344 rats-A histological and electron microscopic study, Toxicol. Pathol., 15, 175-163 (1987)

5) Terao, K. : Mesotheliomas induced by sterigmatocystin in Wistar rats. Gann, 69 : 237-247 (1978)

Chapter 4: Respiratory system

Nasal Cavity & Paranasal Sinuses

l) Pour, P., Cardesa, A., Althoff J., Mohr, U. : Tumorigenesis in the nasal olfactory region of Syrian golden hamsters as a result of di-N-propylnitrosamine and related compounds. Cancer Res., 34 : 16-26 (1974)

2) Reznik G., Reznik-Schuller H., Ward, J. M., Stinson S. F. : Morphology of nasal cavity tumors in rats after chronic inhalation of 1, 2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Br. J. Cancer, 42 : 772-781 (1980)

3) Stenbek, F. : Glandular tumors of nasal cavity induced by diethylnitrosamine in Syrian golden hamsters. JNCI, 50 : 895-901 (1973)

4) Takano, T., Shirai, T., Ogiso, T., Tsuda. H., Baba, S. and Ito, N. : Sequential changes in tumor develop-ment by 1, 4-dinitropiperazine in the nasal cavity of F344 rats. Cancer Res., 42 : 4236-4240 (1982)

5) Tsuda, H., Takano, T., Shirai, T., Suzuki, M., Baba, S. and Ito, N. : Comparative light and scanning electron microscopic observations of nasal cavity carcinogenesis in rats treated with 1, 4-dinitropipera-zine. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 108 : 186-191 (1984)

Trachea, Bronchus & Lung

1) Konishi, Y., Denda, A., Kondo, H. and Takahashi, S. : Lung carcinomas induced by oral administration of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine in rats. Gann, 67 : 773-780 (1976)

2) Konishi, Y., Ikeda, A., Kawabata, A., Yoshimura, H. and Mikami, R. : Induction of rat lung carcinoma by a single injection of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine in rats. Gann, 69 : 855-856 (1978)

3) Konishi, Y., Denda, A , Takahashi, S , Maruyama, H , Yokose, Y., Mori, Y., Matsui, M. and Toyoshi, K. : N-nitroso compounds. in "Occurence and biological effects" ed. H. Bartsch, I. K. O'Neill, M. Castegnaro, and M. Okada, pp. 611, IARC Scientific Publications, No. 41, International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1982)

4) Jones, T. C ., Mohr, U. and Hunt, R. D. : in "Monographs on Pathology of Laboratory Animals. Respiratory System". Springer-Verlag/Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo (1985)

Chapter 5: Urinary System

Kidney

l. Bennington, J. L. and Beckwith, J. B. : Tumors of the kidney, renal pelvis and ureter. in "Atlas of Tumor Pathology. Fascia 12". Armed Forces Institute of Pathology/Washington, D. C. (1975)

2. Hamilton, J. M. : Renal Carcinogenesis. Adv. Cancer Res., 22 : 1 -56 (1975)

3. Hard, G. C. : in "Pathology of tumors in laboratory animals. Vol. I . Part 2". pp. 73-102, International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1976)

4. Kurokawa, Y., Hayashi, Y., Maekawa, A., Takahashi, M., Kokubo, T. and Odashima, S. : Carcinogenicity of potassium bromate administered orally to F344 rats. JNCI, 71 : 965-972 (1983)

5. Ito, N., Hiasa, Y., Kamamoto, Y. et al., : Histopathological analysis of kidney tumors in rats induced by chemical carcinogens. Gann, 62 : 435- 444 (1971)

Renal Pelvis

l. Ito, N., Makiura, S., Yokota, Y., Kamamoto, Y., Hiasa, Y. and Sugihara, S. : Effect of unilateral ureter ligation on development of tumors in the urinary system of rats treated with N-butyl-N- (4-hydroxy-butyl)nitrosamine. Gann, 62 : 359-365 (1971)

2. Shirai, T. and Ito, N.: Renal tumors induced by chemicals. (author's transl.) Hen-igen To Dokusei (Mutagens &Toxicity), 5:317-325 (1982) (in Japanese) (by author)

3. Shirai, T., Kurata, Y., Fukushima, S. and Ito, N. : Dose-related induction of lung, thyroid and kidney tumors by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine given orally to F344 rats. Gann, 75 : 502-507 (1984)

Ureter

2. Shirai, T., Ikawa, E., Fukushima. S., Masui, T. and Ito, N : Uracil-induced Urolithiasis and development of reversible papillomatosis in the urinaly bladder of F344 rats. Cancer Res., 46 : 2062-2067 (1986)

Urinary bladder

1. Fukushima, S. and Hasegawa, R.: Urinary bladder cancers: Development and progress, (1) rats, in "Progress in cancer clinics No. 4. Urinary bladder cancers. " ed. Y. Yamamura, T. Sugimura, pp.117-127, Medical View Co./ Tokyo (1986) (in Japanese) (by a translator)

2. Ito, N.: Recent results of experimental urinary system tumors. (author's transl.) Jpn. J. Clin. Urol. , 31: 853-869 (1977)

3. Ito, N., Arai, M..: Urinary bladder cancers. Animals in "Sciences of Cancer, vol. 4, Human cancers and animal models" ed. K. Oota, T. Sugimura, H. Sugano, pp.387-402, Nankou-do/ Tokyo (1079) (in Japanese) (by a translator)

4. Jacobs, J. B., Arai, M., Cohen, S. M. and Friedell, G. H. : A long-term study of reversible and progressive Urinary bladder cancer lesions in rats fed N-_4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl_formamid. Cancer Res., 37 : 2817-2821 (1977)

5. Koss, L.G. : The asymmetric unit membranes of the epithelium of the urinary bladder of the rat. Lab. Invest., 21 : 154-168 (1969)

Chapter 6: Male reproductive system

Testis

1) Huseby, R. A. and Page, R. H. : Apparent lack of immunogenicity of estrogen-induced testicular Leydig cell tumors in BALB/c mice. Cancer Res., 42 : 4332-4338 (1982)

2) Mostofi, F. K. and Sesterhem, I. : Neoplasms of the male reproductory system. in "The mouse in biomedical research.VI. Experimental biology of tumors in laboratory animals". ed. H. L. Foster. J. D. Small, and J. G. Fox, pp. 413-438. IARC Scientific Publication No. 34, IARC/Lyon (1982)

3) Pour, P. M. : Transplacental induction of gonadal tumors in rats by a nitrosamine. Cancer Res., 46 : 135 -138 (1986)

4) Turek, F. W., and Desjardins, C. : Development of Leydig cell tumors and onset of changes in the reproductive and endocrine systems of aging F344 rats. JNCI, 63 : 969-975 (1979)

5) Vandenberg, S. R., Herman, M. M., Ludwin, S. K., and Bignami, A. : An experimental mouse testicular teratoma as a model for neuroepithelial neoplasia and differentiation. I. Light microscopic and tissue and organ culture observations. Am. J. Pathol., 79 : 147-168 (1975)

Prostate

l ) Bosland, M. C., Prinsen, M. K. and Kroes, R. : Adenocarcinomas of the prostate induced by N-nitroso-N -methylurea in rats pretreated with cyproterone acetate and testosterone. Cancer Lett., 18 : 69-78 (1983)

2) Katayama, S., Fiala, E., Reddy, B. S., Rivenson, A., Silverman, J., Williams, G. M. and Weisburger, J. H. : Prostate adenocarcinoma in rats : induction by 3, 2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. JNCI, 68 : 867-873 (1982)

3) Noble, R. L : The development of prostatic adenocarcinomas in Nb rats following prolonged sex hormone administration. Cancer Res., 37 : 1929-1933 (1977)

4) Pollard, M. and Luckert, P. H. : Production of autochthonous prostate cancer in Lobund-Wistar rats by treatments with N-nitroso-N-methylurea and testosterone. JNCI, 77 : 583-587 (1986)

5) Shirai, T.. Fukushima, S., Ikawa, E., Tagawa, Y. and Ito, N. : Induction of prostate carcinoma in situ at high incidence in F344 rats by a combination of 3, 2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl and ethinyl estradiol. Cancer Res., 46 : 6423-6426 (1986)

6) Shirai, T.. Sakata, T., Fukushima, S., Ikawa, E. and Ito, N. : Rat prostate as one of the target organs for 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl-induced carcinogenesis : Effects of dietary etinyl estradiol and methyltes-tosterone. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. (Gann) . 76 : 803-808 (1985)

7) Ward, J. M. Reznik, G., Stinson. S. F., Lattuada, D. P., Longfellow, D. G. and Cameron, T. P. : Histogenesis and morphology of naturally occurring prostatic carcinoma in the ACI/segHapBR rats. Lab. Invest., 43 : 517-522 (1980)

Preputial gland

l ) Hiraga, K., Fujii, T. : Tumors of the preputial gland in rats. Gann, 68 : 369-370 (1977)

2) Yoshida, H. : Prepuitail tumors induced by intragastric intubations of 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene in gonadectomized female and male rats. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 103 : 299-302 (1983)

3) Ward, J. M. : Dose response to a single injection of azoxymethane in rats. Vet. Pathol., 12 : 165-177 (1975)

Chapter 7: Female Reproductive System

Ovary

l) Lemon, P. G. and Gubareva, A. V. : Tumor of the ovary. in "Pathology of tumours in laboratory animals, Vol.II-tumours of the mouse, " pp. 385-410, International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1976)

2) Maekawa, A., Onodera, H., Tanigawa, H., Kanno, J., Furuta, K. and Hayashi, Y. : Induction of sertoli cell tumors in the rat ovary by N-alkyl -N-nitrosoureas. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 111 : 173-176 (l986)

Uterus

l) Bonser, G. M., Robson, J. M. : The induction of tumours following implantation of 20-methylcholanthrene into the uterus of mice. Brit. J. Cancer, 4 : 196-202 (1950)

2)Heggie, A. D., Wentz, W. B., Reagan, .J. W., Anthony, D. D. : Role of cytomegalovirus and chlamydia trachomatis in the induction of cervical neoplsia in the mouse. Cancer Res., 46 : 5211- 5214 (1986)

3) Rubio, C. A. : Animal model of human disease. Carcinogenesis in the uterine cervix. Animal model : Carcinogenesis in the uterine cervix in mice. Am. J. Pathol., 88 : 799 -802 (1977)

4) Tanaka, T., Mori, H. : Experimental induction of uterine cancer in rats by N-methyl- N'-nitro - N -nitrosoguanidine. Path. Res. Pract., 178 : 20-26 (1983)

Mammary gland

l) Huggins, C. and Grand, L. C., and Brillants, F. P. : Mammary cancer induced by a single feeding of polynuclear hydrocarbons and its suppression. Nature, 189 : 204-207 (1961)

2)Yoshida, H., Kadota, A., Fukunishi, R. and Matsumoto, K. : Induction of mammary dysplasia and mammary carcinoma in neonatally androgenized female rats by 7,12- dimethylbenz (a) anthracene. JNCI, 64 : 1105- 1112 (1980)

3) Yoshida, H., Kadota, A. and Fukunishi, R. : Pathology of early lesions of mammary carcinoma and mammary dysplasia induced by 7, l2- dimethylbenz (a) anthracene in the neonatally androgenized Sprague- Dawley female rats. Virchows Arch. B. Cell Path., 34 : 33-41 (1980)

4) Yoshida, H. and Fukunishi, R. : Effects of sex steroids on the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-induced mammary dysplasia in neonatally androgenized female rats. Gann, 72 : 315-317 (1981)

5) Yoshida, H., Yoshida, A., Fukunishi, R., Sato, B., Okamoto, S. and Matsumoto, K. : Biological characteris-tics and progesterone receptors in mammary carcinoma induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a series of intubations of 7, 12- dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Cancer Res., 42 : 2434- 2439 (1982)

Vagina

1) Alexandrov, V. A. : Uterine, vaginal and mammary tumours induced by nitrosoureas in pregnant rats. Nature, 222 : 1016-l065 (1969)

2) Boyland, E., Charles, R. T. and Gowing, N. F. C. : The induction of tumours in mice by intravaginal application of chemical compounds. Brit. J. Cancer, 15 : 252-256 (1961)

3) Takahashi, M., Furukawa, F., Kurata, Y., Nagano, K., Kokubo, T., Hayashi, Y. and Nakadate, M. : Vascular tumors of the spleen and other neoplasms induced in Syrian golden hamsters by l-propyl-1-nitrosourea. Gann, 73 : 695-703 (1982)

4) Takeuchi, M., Maekawa, A., Tada, K. and Odashima, S. ; Leukemias and vaginal tumors induced in female Donryu rats by continuous administration of 1-butyl-3, 3-dimethyl-nitrosourea in the drinking water, JNCI, 56 : 1177~-1181 (1976)

Chapter 8: Endocrine system

Pituitary gland

l) Furth, J., Nakane, P. K. and Pasteels, J. L., : Tumours of the pituitary gland. in "Pathology of tumours in laboratory animals, Vol. I -tumours of the rats (Part 2), " ed. V. S. Turusov, pp. 201-238. International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1976)

2) Ito, A., Kawashima, K., Fujimoto, N., Watanabe, H. and Naito, M. : Inhibition by 2-bromo-a-ergocriptine and tamoxifen of the growth of an estrogen-dependent transplantable pituitary tumor (MtT/F84) in F344 rats. Cancer Res., 45 : 6436-6441 (1985)

3) Yokoro, K. and Ito, A. : Experimental pituitary tumors. in "Hormone related tumors, " ed. H. Nagasawa and K. Abe, pp. 3-21. Japan Scientific Societies Press/Tokyo (1981)

Thyroid gland

l) Biancifiori, C. : Tumours of the thyroid gland. in "Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals ", IARC Sci. Publ. No 23, pp. 451-468. International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1979)

2) Hiasa, Y., Kitahori, Y., Enoki, N., Konishi, N. and Shimoyama, T. : 4.4'-Diaminodiphenylmelthane : Promoting effect on the development of thyroid tumors in rats treated with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) -nitrosamine. J. Natl. Canecr Inst., 72 : 471-476 (1984)

3) Hiasa, Y., Kitahori, Y., Ohshima, M., Fujita, T., Yuasa, T., Konishi, N. and Miyashiro, A. : Promoting effects of phenobarbital and barbital on the development of thyroid tumor in rats treated with N-bis (2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine. Carcinogenesis, 3 : 1187-1190 (1982)

4) Hiasa, Y., Ohshima, M., Kitahori, Y., Yuasa, T., Fujita, T. and Iwata, C. : Promoting effects of 3-amino-l, 2, 4-triazole on the development of thyroid tumors in rats treated with N-bis (2-hydroxypropyl) -nitrosamine. Carcinogenesis, 3 : 381-384 (1982)

5) Kitahori, Y., Hiasa, Y., Konishi, N., Enoki, N., Shimoyama, T. and Miyashiro, A. : Effect of propylthiour-acil on the thyroid tumorigenesis induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine in rats. Carcinogenesis, 5 : 657-660 (1984)

6) Napalkov, N. P. : Tumours of the thyroid gland. in "Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals ". IARC Sci. Publ., No 23, pp. 239-271, International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1976)

Adrenal gland

l) Boelsterli, U. A., Cruz-Orive, L. M. and Zbinden, G. : Morphometric and biochemical analysis of adrenal medullary hyperplasia induced by nicotine in rats. Acta Toxicol.,56 : 113-116 (1984)

2) Hollander, C. F. and Snell, K. C. : in "Pathology of tumours in laboratory animals. Vol. I , Part 2. " pp. 273-294, IARC/Lyon (1976)

3) Kurokawa, Y., Hayashi, Y., Maekawa, A., Takahashi, M. and Kokubo, T. : High incidences of pheo-chromocytomas after long-term administration of retinol acetate to F344/DuCrj rats. JNCI, 27 : 715-723 (1985)

4) Strandberg, J. D. : Pheochromocytoma, adrenal medulla, rat. in "Endocrine System., " ed. T. C. Jones, Y. Mohr, R. D. Hart, pp, 22-27, Springer-Verlag/New York (1983)

5) Thompson, S. W., Rac. V. S., Semonick, D. E., Antonchak, B., Spaet, R. H. and Schellhammer, L. E. : The adrenal medulla of rats. in "Comparative physiology, histology, and pathology. " Thomas/Springfieled, IL. (1982)

The islets of Langerhans

l) Masiello, P., Wollheim, C. B., Gori, Z., Blondel, B. and Bergamini, E. : Streptozotocin-induced functioning islet cell tumor in the rat, High frequency of induction and biological properties of the tumor cells. Toxicol, Pathol., 12 : 274-280 (1984)

2) Rakieten, N., Gordon, B. S., Baty, A., Cooney. D. A., Davis, R. D. and Schein, P. S. : Pancreatic islet cell tumors produced by the combined action of streptozotocin and nicotinamide (35561). Prod. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 137 : 280-283 (1971)

3) Spencer, A. J., Andreu, M. and Greaves, P. : Neoplasia and hyperplasia of pancreatic endocrine tissue in the rat : An immunocytochemical study. Vet. Pathol., 23 : 11-15 (1986)

4) Yamagiwa, T., Miwa, A., Takasawa, S., Yamamoto, H. and Okamoto, H. : Induction of rat pancreatic B -cell tumors by the combined administration of alloxan and poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) synthetase inhibitors. Cancer Res., 45 : 1845-1849 (1985)

Chapter 9: Central and Peripheral Nervous system

1) Druckrey, H., Preussmann, R., Ivankovic, S., Schmahl, D. : Organotrope carcinogene Wirkungen bei 65 verschiedenen N-Nitroso-Verbindungen an BD-Ratten. Z. Krebsforsch., 19 : 103-20l (1967)

2) Maekawa, A., Matsuoka. C., Onodera, H., Tanigawa, H., Furuta, K., Ogiu, T., Mitsumori, K., Hayashi, Y. : Organ specific carcinogenicity of N-methyl-N- nitrosourea in F344 and ACI/N rats. J. Cancer Res. Clin, Oncol., 109 : 178-182 (1985)

3) Maekawa, A., Ogiu, T., Onodera, H., Furuta, K., Odashima, S.: Induction of neurogenic tumors in the rat by 1-alkyl-1-nitrosoureas and pathology of these tumors. (author's transl.) Adv. Neurol. Sci. (Shinkei Kenkyu no Shinpo), 24: 255-263 (1980) (in Japanese) \

4) Maekawa, A. and Odashima, S. : Induction of tumors of the nervous system in the ACI/N rat with 1-butyl-1-nitrosourea administered transplacentally, neonatally, or via maternal milk. Gann, 66 : 175-183 (1975)

5) Wechsler, W., Kleihues, P., Matsumoto, S., Zulch, K. J., Ivankovic, S., Preussmann, R. and Druckrey, H. : Pathology of experimental neurogenic tumors chemically induced during prenatal and postnatal life. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 159 : 360-408 (1969)

Chapter 10: Skin, the appendages & melanoma

Skin

1) Bogovski, P. : Tumours of the skin. in "Pathology of tumors in laboratory animals. Vol. II". ed. V. S. Turusov, pp. 1-41. International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1979)

3) Zackheim., H. S. : Tumours of the skin. in "Pathology of tumors in laboratory animals. Vol. II, Part 1" ed. V. S. Turusov, pp. 1-21. International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1973)

Melanoma

1) Ghadially, F. N. and Illman, O. : The histogenesis of experimentally produced melanotic tumors in the chinese hamsters (CRICETULUS CRISEUS). Br. J. Cancer, 17 : 727-730 (1963)

2) Iwata, K., Inui, N. and Takeuchi, T. : Induction of active melanocytes in mouse skin by carcinogens : A new method for detection of skin carcinogens. Carcinogenesis, 2 : 589-593 (1981)

3) Kanno, J., Matsubara, O. and Kasuga, T. : Histogenesis of the intradermal melanocytic tumor in BDF1 mice induced by topical application of 9, 10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) and 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) . Acta Pathol. Jpn., 36 : 1-14 (1986)

4) Straile, W. E. : Carcinogen-induced melanocytic tumors of the tylotrich (hair) follicle. Nature. 202 : 4O3-404 (1964)

5) Takizawa, H., Sato, S., Kitajima, H., Konichi, S., Iwata, K. and Hayashi, Y. : Mouse skin melanoma induced in two stage chemical carcinogenesis with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and croton oil. Carcinogenesis, 6 : 921-923 (1985)

Harderian gland

l) Engel, R. W. and Copeland, D. H. : Influence of diet on the relative incidence of eye, mammary, ear-duct, and liver tumors in rats fed 2-acetylaminofluorene. Cancer Res., 11 : 180-183 (1951)

2) Fry, R. J. M. : Relevance of animal studies to the human experience. Radiation Carcinogenesis. in "Epidemiology and biological significance" ed. J. D. Boice, Jr. and J. F. Fraumeni, Jr., pp. 337-346, Raven Press/New York (1984)

3) Morris, H. P., Wagner, B. P., Ray F. E., Snell, K. C. and Stewart, H. L. : Comparative study of cancer and other lesions of rats fed N, N'-2, 7- fluorenylenebisacetamide or N-2-fluorenylacetamide. NCI Monogr., 5 : 1-53 (1961)

4) Patz, A., Wulff, L. B. and Rogers, S. W. : Experimental production of ocular tumors. Amer. J. Ophth., 48 : 98-117 (1959)

5) Yokoro, K., Yamamoto, O., Seyama, T. and Kinomura, A. : Acute and chronic effects of tritiated water in mice with special reference to its carcinogenicity : An interim report. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 16 : 165-168 (1986)

Auditory sebaceous gland

1) Hayashi Y. : Skin and Muscloskeletal system. in "Chemical compounds and cancer's development" ed. S. Odashima and Y. Hashimoto, pp.383-397, Gakkai-Syuppan Center/ Tokyo (1978) (In Japanese) (by a tanslator)

2) Pliss, G. B. : Tumours of the auditory sebaceous glands. in "Pathology of tumors in laboratory animals. Vol. I , Part 1. " ed. V. S. Turusov, pp. 23-30, International Agency for Research on Cancer/Lyon (1973)